Marka hore, surfactant
Saddexda qaybood ee soo socda ee surfactants ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa:
1. Anionic surfactant
1) Sodium alkyl Benzene sulfonate (LAS)
Sifooyin: biodegradability wanaagsan ee LAS toosan;
Codsiga: Waxaa loo istcimaalaa sida shayga ugu muhiimsan ee budada dhaqida.
2) Khamriga dufanka leh ee polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES)
Sifooyin: ku milmay biyaha, sun-saarid wanaagsan iyo xumbo, oo ay weheliso wasakhaynta LAS iyo waxtarka.
Codsiga: Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee shaambada, dareeraha qubeyska, LS-goynta.
3) Alkane sulfonate (SAS) ee labaad
Astaamaha: saamaynta xumbo iyo dhaqida la mid ah LAS, milanka biyaha wanaagsan.
Codsiga: Qaababka dareeraha ah oo keliya, sida saabuunta weelka guriga ee dareeraha ah.
4) Sulfate alkohol ah (FAS)
Astaamaha: Iska caabbinta biyaha adag ee wanaagsan, laakiin caabbinta hydrolysis liidata;
Codsiga: inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta saabuunta dareeraha ah, saabuunta alaabta miiska, shaambooyinka kala duwan, dawada cadayga, qoynta dharka iyo wakiilada nadiifinta iyo ku-samaynta polymerization ee warshadaha kiimikada. FAS budada ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu diyaariyo wakiilka nadiifinta budada iyo budada qoynta sunta cayayaanka.
5) α-olefin sulfonate (AOS)
Sifooyin: Waxqabad la mid ah LAS. Way ku yar tahay xanaaqa maqaarka waxayna hoos u dhigtaa si degdeg ah.
Codsiga: Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta saabuunta dareeraha ah iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo.
6) Fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES)
Astaamaha: Dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee wanaagsan, kala firdhisanaanta saabuunta calcium, dhaqida iyo nadiifinta, biodegradability wanaagsan, sun yar, laakiin caabbinta alkaline liidata.
Codsiga: inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida saabuunta kaalshiyamka ee kala firdhisa saabuunta xannibaadda iyo budada saabuunta.
7) Khamriga dufanka leh ee polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC)
Astaamaha: biyaha milmaya, caabbinta biyaha adag, kala firdhisanaanta saabuunta kaalshiyamka, qoyaanka, xumbo, sun-saarid, cuncun yar, khafiif ah maqaarka iyo indhaha;
Codsiga: Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa shaambooyin kala duwan, qubeyska xumbo iyo alaabta ilaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed.
8) Cusbada Acylsarcosine (Dawo)
Astaamaha: ku milmay biyaha, xumbo wanaagsan iyo nadiifin, adkaysi u leh biyaha adag, khafiifka maqaarka;
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta daawada cadayga, shaambada, dareeraha qubeyska iyo alaabta kale ee daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed, miisaanka iftiinkaSaabuunta LS,Saabuunta dhalada ah, saabuunta rooga iyo saabuunta dharka fiican.
9) Oleyl polypeptide (Remibang A)
Astaamaha: saabuunta kalsiyumku waxay leedahay awood firidhsan oo wanaagsan, xasilloon oo ku jirta biyaha adag iyo xalalka alkaline, xal acidic waa sahlan tahay in la burburiyo, fududahay in la nuugo qoyaanka, awoodda daciifinta daciifka ah, xanaaq yar oo maqaarka ah;
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta warshadaha kala duwanSaabuunta LS.
Wakiilka saabuunta dharka lagu dhaqo _ wakiilka saabuunta
2. Surfactants non-ionic
1) Khamriga dufanka leh ee polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)
Astaamaha: Degenaansho sare, milanka biyaha wanaagsan, iska caabbinta elektrolytka, biodegradation fudud, xumbo yar, oo aan u nugulayn biyaha adag, waxqabadka heerkulka hooseeya, ku habboonaanta wanaagsan ee surfactants kale;
Codsiga: Ku habboon isku-darka saabuunta dareeraha xumbo hooseeya.
2) Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE)
Astaamaha: milmi, caabbinta biyaha adag, descaling, saamaynta dhaqidda wanaagsan.
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta dareeraha kala duwan iyo saabuunta budada ah.
3) Aashitada dufanka leh ee alkanolamide
Astaamaha: caabbinta hydrolytic xoog leh, oo leh xumbo xoog leh iyo saameyn dejineed, awood dhaqid oo wanaagsan, awoodda xalinta, qoynta, antistatic, jilicsanaanta iyo saameynta dhumucda.
Codsiga: waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta shaambo, dareeraha qubayska, saabuunta dareeraha guriga, saabuunta warshadaha, ka hortagga miridhku, kaaliyeyaasha dharka, iwm.
4) Alkyl glycosides (APG)
Features: kacsanaanta dusha hoose, sun-saarid wanaagsan, waafaqid wanaagsan, synergistic, xumbo wanaagsan, milmi wanaagsan, caabbinta alkali iyo elektrolytka, awoodda dhumuc wanaagsan, waafaqsanaanta wanaagsan ee maqaarka, si weyn u hagaajin caanaha khafiifka ah, non-sun ah, non-cuni, biodegradation fudud .
Codsiga: Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee warshadaha kiimikada maalinlaha ah sida shaambada, jelka qubeyska, nadiifiyaha wajiga, saabuunta dharka, dareeraha gacmaha dhaqida, dareeraha weelka dhaqida, khudaarta iyo wakiilka nadiifinta miraha. Sidoo kale loo isticmaalo budada saabuunta, fosfooraska - saabuunta bilaashka ah, fosfooraska - saabuunta bilaashka ah iyo saabuunta kale ee synthetic.
5) Aashitada dufanka leh ee methyl ester ethoxylation products (MEE)
Astaamaha: qiimo jaban, milanka biyaha degdega ah, xumbo yar, xanaaq yar oo maqaarka ah, sunta hoose, biodegradation wanaagsan, wasakh la'aan.
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta saabuunta dareeraha ah, saabuunta dusha adag, saabuunta shakhsi ahaaneed, iwm.
6) Shaaha saponin
Astaamaha: awoodda sun-saarid xoog leh, xanuunka ka hortagga bararka, biodegradation wanaagsan, wasakh la'aan.
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta saabuunta iyo shaambada
7) Luminta sorbitol fatty acid ester (Span) ama luminta sorbitol polyoxyethylene ester ester (Tween):
Astaamaha: aan sun ahayn, xanaaq yar.
Codsiga: Waxa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta saabuunta
8) Amines jaamacadeed Oxide (OA, OB)
Astaamaha: awoodda xumbo-xumada wanaagsan, xasilloonida xumbo-xumada, caddaynta bakteeriyada iyo caarada, cuncun yar oo maqaarka ah, nadiifinta guud, isku-darka wanaagsan iyo isuduwidda.
Codsiga: waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta saabuunta dareeraha ah sida shaambada, dareeraha qubeyska iyo saabuunta alaabta miiska.
3. Surfactant Amphoteric
1) Imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Astaamaha: awoodda dhaqidda wanaagsan, caabbinta elektrolytka, xasilloonida acid-saldhigga, antistatic iyo jilicsanaanta, waxqabadka khafiifka ah, aan sun ahayn, xanaaq yar oo maqaarka ah.
Codsiga: waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta saabuunta dharka lagu dhaqdo, shaambo, dareeraha qubeyska, iwm.
2) giraanta furitaanka imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Astaamaha: khafiif, finan sare.
Codsiga: loo isticmaalo diyaarinta alaabta daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed, nadiifinta guriga, iwm.
Laba, wax lagu daro dhaqida
1. Doorka waxyaalaha lagu daro saabuunta
Dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee la xoojiyay; Jilcinta biyaha adag; Hagaajinta waxqabadka xumbo; Iska yaree cuncunka maqaarka; Hagaajinta muuqaalka alaabta.
Kaaliyeyaasha dhaqida waxaa loo qaybiyaa kaaliyeyaasha aan organic iyo organic.
2. Waxyaalaha aan dabiiciga ahayn
1) Fosfat
Fosfooraska inta badan la isticmaalo waa trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), iyo tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7).
Doorka ugu weyn ee sodium tripolyphosphate: ao, si ay biyo adag u galaan biyo jilicsan; Waxay kala firdhi kartaa, emulsify iyo milmi kartaa qaybo aan organic ahayn ama dhibco saliid ah. Ku ilaali xalka aqueous inuu noqdo alkaline daciif ah (pH 9.7); Budada dhaqida ma fududa in la nuugo qoyaanka iyo agglomerate.
2) Sodium silicate
Caadi ahaan loo yaqaan: sodium silicate ama paohua alkali;
Qaaciidada molecular: Na2O·nSiO2 · xH2O;
Qiyaasta: inta badan 5% ~ 10%.
Shaqada ugu weyn ee silicate sodium: caabbinta daxalka ee dusha birta; Waxay ka hortagi kartaa wasakhda inay ku shubto marada;Saabuunta LS
Kordhi xoogga walxaha budada ah ee lagu dhaqo si aad uga hortagto keega.
3) Sodium sulfate
Sidoo kale loo yaqaan Mirabilite (Na2SO4)
Muuqaal: crystal cad ama budo;
Doorka ugu weyn ee sodium sulfate: buuxinta, maadada budada dhaqida waa 20% ~ 45%, waxay yarayn kartaa qiimaha budada dhaqida; Waxay waxtar u leedahay in lagu dhejiyo surfactant dusha sare ee dharka; Iska yaree fiirsashada micele ee muhiimka ah ee surfactant.
4) Sodium carbonate
Caadi ahaan loo yaqaan: soodhaha ama soodhaha, Na2CO3;
Muuqashada: budo cad ama qurub khafiif ah crystal
Faa'iidooyinka: waxay samayn kartaa saponification wasakh ah, oo waxay ilaalin kartaa qiimaha pH ee xalalka saabuunta, waxay caawisaa in la nadiifiyo, waxay leedahay saamaynta biyaha jilicsan;
Khasaaraha: alkaline xooggan, laakiin xoog u leh saarista saliidda;
Ujeedada: budada dhaqida heerka hoose.
5) zeolite
Sidoo kale loo yaqaan shaandho molecular, waa milix aluminium silikoon crystalline ah, iyo Ca2 + awoodda sarrifka waa mid xooggan, iyo sodium tripolyphosphate la wadaago, waxay hagaajin kartaa saameynta dhaqidda.
6) Bleach
Inta badan hypochlorite iyo peroxate laba qaybood, oo ay ku jiraan: sodium hypochlorite, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate iyo wixii la mid ah.
Shaqada: bleaching iyo sun-saar kiimikaad
Badanaa wax soo saarka saabuunta budada ah ka dib habka duubista, qadarka budada ayaa guud ahaan lagu xisaabiyaa 10% ~ 30% tayada.
7) alkali
2. Waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah
1) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Muuqashada: budo fibros ah oo cad ama caano leh, oo ay fududahay in lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha xal jelatin hufan.
Shaqada CMC: waxay leedahay shaqada dhumucda, kala firdhinta, emulsifying, hakinta, xasilinta xumbo iyo qaadista wasakh.
2)Wakiilka caddaymaha fluorescent (FB)
Maaddada la midabeeyay waxay leedahay saameyn dhalaalaysa oo la mid ah fluorite, sidaas darteed maaddada indhaha qaawan waa mid aad u cad, midab badan oo midab leh, waxay kor u qaadaan muuqaalka bilicda. Qiyaasta waa 0.1% ~ 0.3%.
3) enzyme
Saabuunta ganacsigu waa: protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase.
4) Xasijiye xumbo iyo nidaamiyaha xumbo
Saabuunta xumbo sare: xasiliyaha xumbo
Lauryl diethanolamine iyo saliid qumbaha diethanolamine.
Saabuunta xumbo-hooseeya: xakamaynta xumbo
Dodecanoic acid saabuun ama siloxane
5) nuxurka
Udgoonyadu waxay ka kooban yihiin udgoon kala duwan waxayna leeyihiin ku habboonaanta qaybaha saabuunta. Waxay ku xasilloon yihiin pH9 ~ 11. Tayada nuxurka lagu daro saabuunta guud ahaan waa in ka yar 1%.
6) wada milmi
Ethanol, urea, polyetylen glycol, toluene sulfonate, iwm.
Walax kasta oo wiiqi karta isku-duubnida solute-ka iyo dareeraha, kordhisa soo jiidashada solute-ka iyo dareeraha oo aan dhib u lahayn shaqada dhaqida iyo raqiis ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa isku-darka.
7) dareere
(1) Saliid geed: nadiifin
Aalkolada, ethers iyo lipids: ku dar biyaha iyo dareeraha
Walxaha Chlorinated: sun, loo isticmaalo nadiifiyeyaasha gaarka ah, wakiilka nadiifinta qalalan.
8) Wakiilka bakteeriyada
Wakiilka bakteeriyada guud ahaan waxaa lagu daraa tayada dhowr kun, sida: tribromosalicylate aniline, trichloroacyl aniline ama hexachlorobenzene, ma laha saameyn bakteeriyada bakteeriyada, laakiin dhowr kun oo jajab ah ayaa ka hortagi kara taranka bakteeriyada.
9) Wakiilka antistatic iyo jilciyaha dharka
Iyada oo jilicsan oo jilicsan oo ka hortag ah cationic surfactants: dimethyl ammonium chloride dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide distearate, cusbada kaarboon alkyl pyridine sare, cusbada carbon alkyl imidazoline sare;
Iyada oo leh jilicsanaan aan-ionic ahayn oo jilicsan: aalkolo kaarboon sare leh oo polyoxyethylene ethers ah iyo amine oxide oo leh silsilado kaarboon dheer.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-20-2022